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Before World War I the total fertility rate in Latvia was 3.0 births per women. Between the two World Wars, when Latvia had national independence, fertility decreased steadily, reaching its lowest level during the years 1934 - 1935, TFR - 2.0. After that it increased slightly, especially at the end of 1930s when government made special efforts to stimulate fertility.

Latvia experienced a moderate baby boom after the war, followed by a fertility decline, particularly in the first half of the 1960s. In the mid-1960s TFR decreased to 1.7 which was one of the lowest in the world. In the 1986 - 1988 FTR reached the maximum ( 2.15 ).