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Serum levels of alphacarotene (p = 0.0004), beta-carotene (p = 0.006), and lutein (p = 0.002) correlated with their levels in liver. Serum MDA levels were significantly higher in CHC patients compared with controls (1.62 +/- 0.57 vs 0.23 +/- 0.15 micromol/L, p = < 0.0000), and significantly higher in CHC patients with moderate-to-severe inflammation or fibrosis compared with those with mild inflammation or fibrosis. In CHC patients, all micronutrient AO (except lutein) were severely depleted. The degree of depletion associates with increasing fibrosis [58].