The Russian Federation combined the financing mechanisms of health alliances from the reform proposals of the Clinton Administration and the U.S. Congress with public administration techniques from the Canadian system. Russian legislative proposals addressed the necessity of separating the functions of providing, financing, and managing health care in the initial phase of privatizing the Soviet behemoth. Initial health reform sought to mix seedling private enterprise with state social insurance. The primary question for Russia centered on the extent to which public functions could be privatized.