Late effects of bone marrow transplantation have been studied for both adult and childhood cancer survivors as have sequelae associated with particular chemotherapeutic regimens for Hodgkin’s disease and breast cancer (4,10,11,36).
The side effects of radiotherapy, both alone and with chemotherapy, have been reported fairly comprehensively for most childhood cancer sites associated with good survival rates (36). Most cancer treatment regimens consist of chemotherapy in conjunction with surgery or radiation, and multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens are the rule rather the exception. As such, the risk of late effects must always be considered in light of all other treatment modalities to which the patient has been exposed.