HPS 2559
Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics Spring 2020

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Topics and Reading

Scheduled Topics

Introductory primer on thermodynamics.

D. Elwell and A. J. Pointon, Classical Thermodynamics. Penguin, 1972. Especially, Ch. 1-4.

The Boltzmann framework

S. Goldstein, “Boltzmann’s Approach to Statistical Mechanics”, in J. Bricmont et al, “Chance and Physics: Foundations and Perspectives” (Springer, 2001), p.39. http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0105242

C. Callender, “Reducing Thermodynamics to Statistical Mechanics: the Case of Entropy”, Journal of Philosophy 96 (1999) pp. 348-373.

Optional (not for class presentation):

E. Jaynes, “Gibbs vs. Boltzmann Entropies”, American Journal of Physics 33, 391 (1965).

The Gibbs framework: pro and anti

D. Wallace, “The Necessity of Gibbsian Statistical Mechanics”, forthcoming; http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/15290/

S. Goldstein, J. Lebowitz, R. Tumulka, N. Zanghi, “Gibbs and Boltzmann Entropy in classical and quantum mechanics”, forthcoming; https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11870

Optional (not for class presentation):

C. Werndl and R. Frigg, “Mind the Gap: Boltzmannian versus Gibbsian Equilibrium”, Philosophy of Science 84 (2017) pp. 1289-1302.http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/13269/

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics: the past hypothesis

D. Albert, Time and Chance (Harvard, 2000) chapter 4. [NB this discusses reversibility/recurrence in passing.]

D. Wallace, “The logic of the past hypothesis”, manuscript; http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/8894/

Optional (not for class preparation):

H. Brown, “Once and for all: The curious role of probability in the Past Hypothesis”, forthcoming; http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/13008/

J. Earman, “The ‘Past Hypothesis’: Not Even False”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 37 (2006) pp. 399-430.

Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics: coarse-graining

D. Wallace, “Probability and Irreversibility in Modern Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: classical and quantum”, forthcoming; https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/1045/docs/oxfordstatmech.pdf . (Focus on the classical part.)

E. Calzetta and B-L. Hu, Non-Equilibrium Quantum Field Theory (Cambridge, 2008), chapter 1: Basic issues in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.

Optional (not for class presentation):

K. Robertson, “Asymmetry, abstraction and autonomy: justifying coarse-graining in statistical mechanics”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, forthcoming; https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axy020

K. Ridderbos, “The coarse-graining approach to statistical mechanics: how blissful is our ignorance?”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 33 (2002) pp.65-77.

The concept of a thermodynamically reversible process

John D. Norton, "The Impossible Process: Thermodynamic Reversibility," Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 55(2016), pp. 43-61.

David A. Lavis, “The problem of equilibrium processes in thermodynamics” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 62 (2018), pp. 136-144

Sadi Carnot’s caloric-thermodynamics, its sources and consequences

Sadi Carnot, Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire. Trans. New York: Wiley, 1897.

Lazare Carnot, “Essay upon Machines in General,” Philosophical Magazine, XXX(1808), pp. 8-15, 154-58, 207-221, 310-20.

W.Thomson, “On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and calculated from Regnault's ObservationsPhilosophical Magazine, XXXIII (1848), pp. 313-317.

The two laws of thermodynamics and the notion of entropy appear

Rudolf Clausius, “On the Moving Force of Heat, and the Laws regarding the Nature of Heat itself which are deducible therefrom,” Philosophical Magazine, II (1851), pp. 1-21, 102-19.

William Thomson, “On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr. Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M.Regnault's Observations on Steam,” Philosophical Magazine, IV (1852), pp. 8-21, 105-17, 168-76,  256-260, 304-306.

Rudolf Clausius, “On Several Convenient Forms of the Fundamental Equations of the Mechanical Theory of Heat,” Ninth Memoir, pp. 327-365 in The Mechanical Theory of Heat. London: John Van Voorst, 1867.

Maxwell’s G*dd*m bl**dy demon

John D.Norton "The Worst Thought Experiment," The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments. Eds. Michael T. Stuart, James Robert Brown, and Yiftach Fehige. London: Routledge, 2018. pp. 454-68.

John D. Norton "Maxwell's Demon Does not Compute." in Michael E. Cuffaro and Samuel C. Fletcher, eds., Physical Perspectives on Computation, Computational Perspectives on Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2018. pp. 240-256.

Also some Maxwell and Smoluchowski fragments.

Open Topics

Boltzmann’s H theorem

L. Boltzmann “Further Studies on the Thermal Equilibrium of Gas Molecules.” 1872

Reversibility and recurrence objections

Ernst Zermelo: On a Theorem of Dynamics and the Mechanical Theory of Heat (from Annalen der Physik, 1860)

Ludwig Boltzmann: Reply to Zermelo's Remarks on the Theory of Heat (from Annalen der Physik, 1896)

Ernst Zermelo: On the Mechanical Explanation of Irreversible Processes (from Annalen der Physik, 1896)

Ludwig Boltzmann: On Zermelo's Paper "On the Mechanical Explanation of Irreversible Processes" (from Annalen der Physik, 1897)

Paul and Tatiana Ehrenfest, The Conceptual Foundation of the Statistical Approach in Mechanics. 1912. Pp. 14-16.

Useful background:

Ludwig Boltzmann, “On Certain Questions of the Theory of Gases,” Nature, February 28, 1895.

Jos Uffink, "Compendium of the foundations of classical statistical physics." Section 4. http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2691/1/UffinkFinal.pdf

The role of ergodicity

D. Malament and S. Zabell, “Why Gibbs Phase Space Averages Work: the Role of Ergodic Theory”, Philosophy of Science 47 (1980) pp. 339-349.

J. Earman and M. Redei, “Why Ergodic Theory Does Not Explain the Success of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47 (1996) pp. 63-78.

Optional (not for class presentation):

S. Leeds, “Malament and Zabell on Gibbs Phase Averaging”, Philosophy of Science 56 (1989) pp. 325-340.

Modern axiomatizations of thermodynamics

C. Caratheodory,”Examination of the Foundations of Thermodynamics,” English translation.

Elliott H. Lieb and Jakob Yngvason, “ A Guide to Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics“ Notices of the AMS, May 1998,  pp. 571-81.

Elliott H. Lieb and Jakob Yngvason, “The physics and mathematics of the second law of thermodynamics,” Physics Reports 310 (1999) 1—96.

Harvey R. Brown and Jos Uffink, “The Origins of Time-Asymmetry in Thermodynamics: The Minus First Law,” Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys., 32 (2001) pp. 525–538.

Jos Uffink, “Bluff Your Way in the Second Law of Thermodynamics,” Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys., 32 (2001), pp. 305–394.

Von Neumann entropy is not thermodynamic entropy?

Meir Hemmo and Orly Shenker. “Von Neumann’s Entropy Does Not Correspond to Thermodynamic Entropy” Philosophy of Science , 73, No. 2 ( 2006), pp. 153-174

Eugene Chua, “Does Von Neumann's Entropy Correspond to Thermodynamic Entropy?” ms

Carina Eike Alice Prunkl, "On the Equivalence of von Neumann and Thermodynamic Entropy," Philosophy of Science, forthcoming.

Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics: fluctuation-dissipation theorem, regression hypothesis

R. Zwanzig, Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics (Oxford, 2001), chapter 1: Brownian motion and Langevin equations.

J. Luczak, “On How to Approach the Approach to Equilibrium”, Philosophy of Science 83 (2016) pp. 393-411.

Gravitational thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: the Newtonian case

C. Callender, “The Past Hypothesis meets Gravity”, in G. Ernst and A. Huttemann (eds.), Time, Chance and Reduction: Philosophical Aspects of Statistical Physics (Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 34-58.  http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/4261/

K. Robertson, “Stars and steam engines: To what extent do thermodynamics and statistical mechanics apply to self-gravitating systems?”, Synthese 196 (2018), pp. 1783-1808.

Optional (not for class presentation)

J. Binney and S. Tremaine, Galactic Dynamics, 2nd edition (Princeton University Press, 2008), chapter 7 (pp. 554-638).

D. Wallace, “Gravity, Entropy, and Cosmology: in search of clarity”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 61 (2010) pp. 513-540; https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.0659

Gravitational thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: black hole thermodynamic

J. Dougherty and C. Callender, “Black Hole Thermodynamics: more than an analogy?”, forthcoming; http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/13195/

D. Wallace, “The case for black hole thermodynamics, part I: phenomenological thermodynamics”, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 64 (2018), pp. 52-67. https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.02724

Gravitational thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: the information-loss paradox

G. Belot, J. Earman and L. Ruetsche, “The Hawking information loss paradox: the anatomy of a controversy”. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 50 (1999) pp. 189-229.

D. Wallace, “Why black hole information loss is paradoxical”, forthcoming; https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.03783

Optional (not for class presentation):

S. Mathur, “The information paradox: a pedagogical introduction”, Classical and Quantum Gravity 26 (2009) 224001. https://arxiv.org/pdf/0909.1038.pdf

W. Unruh and R. Wald, “Information loss”, manuscript (2017), https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.02140