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Before 1989 reported cases of CS were defined and classified on the basis of clinical and serological features known as the Kaufman criteria.

The Kaufman criteria were not designed for use as a surveillance case definition.

In 1988 CDC developed a surveillance case definition for CS. This surveillance case definition differs from the clinical diagnosis of CS in several ways. All infants born to mothers who have untreated or inadequately treated for syphilis are considered potentially infected. Asymptomatic infants and stillbirths are included in the case definition.

The surveillance case definition makes case classification simpler.

Adapted from CDC