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Since they spoke no English, they could not tell the doctors of her seizures, and the only residual physical evidence of her illness was a respiratory infection. The diagnosis of epilepsy was not made for another five months, when her parents brought her to the ER while still in a seizure, after which she was hospitalized and started on anticonvulsive medications. Lia’s parents believed that the seizures occurred because she had lost her soul and the condition was best healed by appeasement of the soul through animal sacrifice and treatment by a shaman. In the Hmong culture, epileptics often become shamans as adults, so her parents felt a special pride. They did not give Lia the medications prescribed by her physicians because they believed that the drugs did more harm than good.

The conflicting cultures resulted in a great misunderstanding over many subsequent hospital admissions. Her seizures continued despite many changes of medication until at 4 years of age she suffered a violent seizure that left her in status epilepticus, a state of continued or recurrent seizure. When she entered a permanent vegetative state following an episode of septic shock, her parents believed her to be cured.