In assessment of first rank symptomatology, overall blacks exhibited higher diagnoses of thought disorders; other rated symptomatology exhibited more by blacks in the study include: auditory and visual hallucination, etc. DSM manual now has separate appendix on Culture bound syndromes -- thus, psychiatry has recognized that some disorders may be ethnic-specific and not fit a global western model. The authors argue that results indicate small to moderate effects in symptomatology that as a whole directs raters to categorize blacks in the more severe diagnostic categories.