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A statistic that is particularly useful for assessing whether the studies are all homogenous is the Q-statistic. The hypotheses we test here are:

The null hypothesis states that the studies are homogeneous

The purpose of this test is to see if the null hypothesis holds. For each model, Q-statistic is calculated. The Q-statistic has a chi-square distribution with degree of freedom N where N = (Number of Studies - 1).

For homogeneous studies, there is essentially no difference between a fixed effects model and the random-effects model.