One trait that dominates a personality so much that it influences nearly everything a person does is a:

a. Global Trait
b. Cardinal Trait
c. Specific trait
d. Central Trait
e. Secondary trait

Answer: b
From: Textbook, p. 75
 

The method of science requires that independent observers must:

a. verify data.
b. state a hypothesis in a form that can be tested
c. derive a hypothesis from theory
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

Answer: d
From: Textbook, p. 7-8
 

The more hot and humid the weather, the less clothing a person wears is an example of:

a. moderate correlation
b. low correlation
c. negative correlation
d. high positive correlation
e. no relationship

Answer: c
From: Lecture notes, Sept. 10

Lisa Imbrogno

Talkative vs. silent; frank, open vs. secretive; adventurous vs. cautious; sociable vs. reclusive—these traits describe which dimension of personality?

a. Agreeableness
b. Conscientiousness
c. Extraversion
d. Culture
e. Emotional Stability

Answer: c

Robert Kidwell

 
Approximately how many trait words for personality are there in the English language?

a. 18,000
b. 1,000
c. 10,000
d. 500
e. 5,000

Answer: a
From: Lecture notes, 9/8/98

Jamie McCallister

 
Who is the pioneer that proposed the 16 basic dimensions of normal personality and devised a questionnaire (16PF) to measure them?

a. Carl Jung
b. Raymond Cattell
c. Julian Rotter
d. Gordon Allport
e. None of the above

Answer: b
From: Textbook, p. 95

Kyle Chen

 
When analyzing a past president to describe his personality by coding letters or speeches he has written, you are using a process called

a. Big Five
b. content analysis
c. personality assumptions
d. Implicit Personality Theory
e. cognitive approach

Answer: b
From: Lecture notes, 9/10/98 and Textbook, p. 40

 
The best known lexical research on terms relevant to personality was conducted by whom and how many terms were compiled in this study?

a. Sheldon/3
b. Ancient Greeks/4
c. Allport/17,953
d. Gordon/5
e. Cattell/18,835

Answer: c
From: Lecture notes, 9/8/98 and Textbook, p. 38

 
During psychology you are falling asleep. You know last night you only got three hours of sleep; therefore you have a valid reason. The person sitting in front of you is sleeping also. You automatically think that they are lazy and really don’t care about the class. This is an example of

a. Halo effect
b. Implicit Personality Theory
c. Observer bias
d. stereotype
e. None of the above

Answer: c
From: Lecture, 9/9/98 and Textbook, p. 46

Marla Turco

 
Positive correlations (from 0.01 to 1.00) indicate that, as one factor goes ________, the other factor goes __________.

a. down, up
b. up, down
c. up, up
d. both a and b
e. All of the above

Answer: c
From: Lecture, 9/10/98 and Textbook, p. 41-43.

 
Which strategy IMPROVES the reliability of a research design?

a. make the test shorter
b. standardize all circumstances under which the test is administered, including instructions.
c. delete all items from the test that do not correlate with the other items.
d. b and c only
e. a, b, and c are correct

Answer: d
From: textbook, p. 14-15
 

Which of the statements below are FALSE?

a. Since Personality psychology has competing viewpoints, it is considered a paradigm.
b. Science judges the truth of statements based on the empirical method.
c. Personality encompasses diverse qualities of individuals (e.g., biology, social influences, childhood experiences, etc.)
d. Science demands that hypotheses be discarded if they are not confirmed by observation.
e. According to the method of science, the study of private experience is problematic.

Answer: a
From: Textbook, p. 3-4

Ron Henderson

What correlation coefficient value would most likely represent a completely inverse proportionality between a behavior and a trait?

a. 1.0
b. 0.25
c. 0.0
d. –0.5
e. –1.0

Answer: e
From: Lecture, Sept. 10
 

Which range best targets the number of "Central Traits" that have been identified?

a. 5-8
b. 5-200
c. 17,000-18,000
d. 19,000-20,000
e. None of the above

Answer: a
From: Textbook, p. 75

Jason Spector

 
Which of the following examples is most likely to have a negative correlation?

a. Number of hours spent studying and test scores
b. Amount of violent television viewed and number of aggressive acts committed
c. How many times the subject smiles per day and their unhappiness level
d. Weight and height
e. Your test scores and the Russian economy in 1994

Answer: c
From: Textbook, p. 41

Jaclyn Pritts

 
The Ancient Greeks hypothesized that there were 4 different personality characteristics. The four characteristics are:

a. irritability, optimism, pessimism, calmness
b. calmness, depression, pessimism, irritability
c. depression, irritability, pessimism, optimism
d. irritability, depression, optimism, calmness
e. calmness, optimism, pessimism, depression

Answer: d
From: Lecture note #3

 
Sheldon proposed three different types of traits. The traits that would best describe a football player would be:

a. mesomorph
b. endomorph
c. ectomorph
d. activomorph
e. None of the above

Answer: a
From: Lecture notes on Chapter 3

Rebecca Kyriakopoulos

 
Which of the following would be an example of a correlational strategy of academic research?

a. testing a hypothesis with an experimental group
b. having a group fill out questionnaires
c. using the scientific method
d. a clinician diagnosing his/her patient
e. using the electric shock method to illustrate classical conditioning

Answer: b
From: Textbook, p. 11

Danielle London

 
If you had a correlation of positive one, the related items would be:

a. completely unrelated
b. moderately correlated
c. very highly correlated
d. identical
e. lowly correlated

Answer: d
From: Lecture, Sept. 10

 
In analyzing data, measurements are sometimes categorical, for example "smiles" or "frowns". This type of measurement is called

a. qualitative measurement
b. quantitative measurement
c. reliability
d. validity
e. psychometrics

Answer: a
From: Textbook, p. 13

Kristy L. Walter

If you say that a movie is really good and you like it you would also assume that your best friend would like it. What implicit personality theory is this?

a. stereotype
b. perceived similarity
c. Halo effect
d. observer bias
e. All of the above

Answer: b
From: Lecture notes, 9/8/98

Julie Jansen

 
A more neutral term personality type categories or a typical or exemplary instance of a category is

a. stereotype
b. observation bias
c. openness
d. open-minded
e. prototype

Answer: e
From: Textbook, p. 51

Alycia Gaskill

 
If one is measuring the relationship between two things and the research he or she does shows that there is absolutely no relation existing between the two, the correlation is said to be

a. 0
b. 0.3
c. –0.8
d. 1
e. -1

Answer: a
From: Lecture, 9/10/98

Heather Daniel

 
From the Big Five personality dimensions, behaviors such as speaking fluently, displaying ambition, and exhibiting a high degree of intelligence is

a. Agreeableness
b. Openness
c. Extraversion
d. Conscientiousness
e. Neuroticism

Answer: d
From: textbook, p. 53

Erin Rocco

 
Psychologists seek to understand Rob’s personality through his thoughts, beliefs and their impact on his behavior in certain situations. This is known as the

a. trait approach
b. humanistic approach
c. cognitive approach
d. psychoanalytic approach
e. All of the above

Answer: c
From: Textbook, p. 9

 
Devin’s personality is researched through 3 factors: extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. This personality trait model is called:

a. Eysenck’s Trait Model
b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
c. Smith Model
d. Cattell’s Sixteen factor Model
e. Big Five

Answer: a
From: Lecture notes, 9/15/98

Shaun Griffin

 
What type of personality focuses on how people adapt to everyday life and intervenes to improve the lives of individuals through therapy?

a. Academic psychology
b. Clinical Psychology
c. Practical Psychology
d. Applied Psychology
e. None of the above

Answer: b
From: Lecture notes, 9/3/98

Heather Frymyer

 
Which of the following would be a phenomenological approach to the study of personality?

a. emphasize subject’s feelings
b. emphasize subject’s thoughts
c. emphasize the meaning that people ascribe to events, not simply the objective events themselves
d. attempt to understand an individual in his or her fullness, rather than only selected aspects of the person relevant to a small number of traits or other dimensions
e. All of the above

Answer: e
From: Textbook, p. 64

Ellen Krysinski

 
What is the trait approach to personality?

a. Assumes that people are motivated by unconscious emotional conflicts
b. Assumes that each individual has stable personality characteristics
c. Assumes that people’s thoughts and beliefs are central to personality
d. Assumes that people have an innate tendency to become self-actualized
e. Assumes that people are motivated by conflicts originating in childhood

Answer: b
From: Textbook, p. 5

Jennifer Katz

 
William Sheldon suggested that body build was associated with personality traits. Which one best describes a person who’s sensitive and intellectual?

a. conservative
b. neurotic
c. endomorph
d. mesomorph
e. ectomorph

Answer: e
Textbook, p. 185

Tyuana Fayette

 
Eysenck originally developed ________________, a highly researched factor theory of personality.

a. an interpersonal trait model
b. a sixteen factor model
c. a three factor model
d. the Big Five
e. the Implicit personality theory

Answer: c
From: Textbook, p. 98

Natalie Daprile