Recent Older Adult References


  1. Lajoie, Y, Teasdale, N, Bard C, and Fleury M: Upright standing and gait: Are there changes in attentional requirements related to normal aging? Experimental Aging Research:22:185, 1996.
  2. Shumway-Cook, A, Gruber, W, Baldwin, M, and Liao, S: The effect of multidimensional exercises on balance, mobility, and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Phys Ther:77,1:46, 1997.
  3. Weiner, D, Long, R, Hughes, M, Chandler J, and Studenski S: When older adults face the chair-rise challenge. JAGS 41:6, 1993.
  4. Braun, E, DiSpirito, J, Hall D, Montross, W, Plaisir, J, and Newton R: Balance abilities of older Adults with and without diabetes. Issues on Aging 19,2:19, 1996.
  5. Means, K: The obstacle course: A tool for the assessment of functional balance and mobility in the elderly. J of Rehab Res & Dev 33,4:413, 1996.
  6. Singh, N, Clements K, and Fiatarone, M: A randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance training in depressed elders. J of Gerontology:52A,1:M27, 1997.
  7. Reuben, D, Laliberte, L, Hiris, J, and Mor V: A hierarchial exercise scale to measure function at the advanced activities of daily living (AADL) level. JAGS 38:855, 1990.
  8. Lord, S and Clark, R: Simple physiological and clinical tests for the accurate prediction of falling in older people. Gerontology 42:199, 1996.
  9. Whipple, R, Wolfson L, and Amerman P: The relationship of knee and ankle weakness to falls in nursing home residents: An isokinetic study. JAGS 35:13, 1987.
  10. Wolfson, L, Judge J, Whipple, R, and King M: Strength is a major factor in balance, gait, and the occurrence of falls. JAGS Series A50:64, 1995.
  11. Robbins, S, Waked E, Allard P, McClaran, J, and Krouglicof N: Foot position awareness in younger and older men: The influence of footwear sole properties. JAGS 45:61, 1997.
  12. Brown, M, Sinacore, D, and Host H: The relationship to function in the older adult. JAGS 50A:55, 1995.
  13. Lerner-Frankiel M, Vargas, S, Brown M, Krusell L, and Schoneberger, W: Functional community ambulation: What are your criteria? Clinical Management 6, 2:12, 19??.
  14. Young V, Pin, P, Kraemer B, Gould R, Nemergut L, and Pellowski M: Fluctuation in grip and pinch strength among normal subjects. J of Hand Surgery 14A, 1:125, 1989.
  15. Gill T, Williams, C, and Tinetti, M: Assessing risk for the onset of functional dependence among older adults: The role of physical performance. JAGS 43:603, 1995.
  16. Wickham, C, Cooper C, Margetts, and Barker D: Muscle strength, activity, housing and the risk of falls in elderly people. Age and Ageing 18:47, 1989.
  17. Hill K, Schwarz, J, Kalogeropoulos, A, and Gibson S: Fear of falling revisited. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77:1025, 1996.
  18. Richardson J, and Ashton-Miller J: Peripheral neuropathy: An often-overlooked cause of falls in the elderly. Peripheral Neuropathy 99, 6:161, 1996.
  19. Gabell, A, Nayak, B and Nayak U: The effect of age on variability in gait. J of Gerontology 39, 6:662, 1984.
  20. Singh N, Clements, K and Fiatarone M: A randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance training in depressed elders. J of Gerontology, 52A, 1:M27, 1997.
  21. Ford-Smith, C, Wyman, J, Elswick, R, Fernandez, T, and Newton R: Test-retest reliability of the sensory organization test in noninstitutionalized older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76:77, 1995.
  22. Wolf, S, Barnhart, H, Ellison, G, and Coogler, C: The effect of tai chi quan and computerized balance training on postural stability in older subjects. Phys Ther 77, 4: 371, 1997.
  23. Lord, S, and Clark, R: Simple physiological and clinical tests for the accurate prediction of falling in older people. Gerontology 42:199, 1996.
  24. Thomson, F, Masson E, and Boulton A: The clinical diagnosis of sensory neuropathy in elderly people. Diabetic Medicine 10:843, 1993.
  25. Ashton-Miller, J, Yeh, M, Richardson, J, and Galloway, T. A cane reduces loss of balance in patients with peripheral neuropathy: Results from a challenging unipedal balance test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77, 5:446, 1996.
  26. Rossiter-Fornoff, J, Wolf, S, Wolfson, L, Buncher, D, and the FICSIT Group: A cross-sectional validation study of the FICSIT common data base static balance measures. J of Gerontology 50A, 6:M291, 1995.
  27. Nevitt, M, Cummings, S, Kidd, S, and Black, D: Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls. JAMA, 261, 18:2663, 1989.
  28. Lord, S, and Castell S, Dip RG&RT: Physical activity program for older persons: Effect on balance, strength, neuromuscular control, and reaction time. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75, 6:648, 1994.
  29. Rodriguez, J, Baughman, A, Sattin, R, DeVito, Ragland, D, Bacchelli, S, and Stevens J. A standardized instrument to assess hazards for falls in the home of older persons. Accid Anal and Prev 27, 5:625, 1995.
  30. Hageman, P: Gait characteristics of healthy elderly: A literature review. Issues On Aging 18, 2:14, 1995.
  31. Peeters, P, and Mets, T: The 6-minute walk as an appropriate exercise test in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. JAGS 51A, 4:M147, 1996.
  32. Smith, E, and Gilligan, C: Physical-activity prescription for the older adult. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 11, 8:91, 1983.
  33. Rubenstein, L, Josephson, K, and Osterweil D: Falls and fall prevention in the nursing home. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 12, 4:881, 1996.
  34. Connell, B, Wolf, S, for the Atlanta FICSIT Group. Environmental and behavioral circumstances associated with falls at home among healthy elderly individuals. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78, 2:179, 1997.
  35. DiFabio, R, and Emasithi, A. Aging and the mechanisms underlying head and postural control during voluntary motion. Phys Ther 77, 5:458, 1997.
  36. Jeka, J: Light touch contact as a balance aid. Phys Ther 77, 5:476, 1997.
  37. Maki, B, and McIlroy, W: The role of limb movements in maintaining upright stance: The "change-in-support" strategy. Phys Ther 77, 5:488, 1997.
  38. Horak, F, Henry, S, and Shumway-Cook, A: Postural perturbations: New insights for treatment of balance disorders. Phys Ther 77, 5:517, 1997.
  39. Gill-Body, K, Popat, R, Parker, S, and Krebs D: Rehabilitation of balance in two patients with cerebellar dysfunction. Phys Ther 77, 5:534, 1997.


  40. Nichols, D: Balance retraining after stroke using force platform biofeedback. Phys Ther 77, 5:554, 1997.
  41. Woollacott, M, and Tang, P: Balance control during walking in the older adult: Research and its implications. Phys Ther 77, 6:646, 1997.
  42. Bastian, A: Mechanisms of ataxia. Phys Ther 77, 6:672, 1997.
  43. Herdman, S: Advances in the treatment of vestibular disorders. Phys Ther 77, 6:602, 1997.
  44. Wade, M, and Jones, G: The role of vision and spatial orientation in the maintenance of posture. Phys Ther 77, 6:619, 1997.
  45. Kallman, D, Plato, C, and Tobin J: The role of muscle loss in the age-related decline of grip strength: Cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. J of Gerontology: 45, 3: M82, 1990.
  46. Merrill S, Seeman, T, Kasl, S, and Berkman L. Gender differences in the comparison of self-reported disability and performance measures. J of Gerontology 52A, 1: M19, 1997.
  47. Rossiter, J, Wolf S, Wolfson, L, Buchner, D, and FICSIT Group: A cross-sectional validation study of the FICSIT common data base static balance measures. J of Gerontology 50A, 6:M291, 1995.
  48. Ostrosky, K, VanSwearingen, J, Burdett, R, and Gee Z: A comparison of gait characteristics in young and old subjects. Phys Ther 74:637, 1994.
  49. Hoppenfeld S: Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities. Appleton-Century-Crofts, East Norwalk CT, 1976.
  50. Reuben, D, and Siu AL: An objective measure of physical function of elderly outpatients: The physical performance test. JAGS 38:1105, 1990.
  51. Furman, J, and Cass, S: Treating Dizziness. Contemporary Internal Medicine 8, 1: 66, 1996.
  52. Furman, J, and Cass, S: A practical work-up for vertigo. Contemporary Internal Medicine 7, 3: 24, 1995
  53. Russo, S: Clinical balance measures: Literature resources. Neurology Report 21, 1: 29, 1997.
  54. Weinstein, B and Devons C: The dizzy patient: Stepwise workup of a common complaint. Geriatrics 50, 6:43, 1995.
  55. Csuka, M, and McCarty, D: Simple method for measurement of lower extremity muscle strength. Am J of Medicine 78:77, 1985.
  56. Thapa, P, Gideon, P, Brockman, K, Fought, R, and Ray, W: Clinical and biomechanical measures of balance as fall predictors in ambulatory nursing home residents. J of Gerontology 51A, 5:M239, 1996.
  57. Tinetti, M, McAvay, G, and Claus E: Does multiple risk factor reduction explain the reduction in fall rate in the Yale FICSIT trial? Am J of Epidemiology 144, 4:389, 1996.
  58. Richardson, J, Ashton-Miller, J, Lee, S, and Jacobs, K: Moderate peripheral neuropathy impairs weight transfer and unipedal balance in the elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77, 11:1152, 1996.
  59. Toth, A, Kisely, M, and Repassy, G: A proposal for introducing a modified vestibular index in neurotology: The classificaiton of vestibular neuronitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 253:381, 1996.


  1. Winter, D: Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait & Posture 3,4:193, 1995.
  2. Province, M, Hadley, E, Hornbrook, M, Lipsitz, L, Miller J, Mulrow, C, Ory, M, Sattin, R, Tinetti, M, and Wolf, S, for the FICSIT Group: The effects of exercise on falls in elderly patients. JAMA 273, 17:1341, 1995.
  3. Lichtenstein, M, Shields, S, Shiavi, R, Burger C: Exercise and balance in aged women: A pilot controlled clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 70, 2:138, 1989.
  4. Cerny, K: A clinical method of quantitative gait analysis. Phys Ther 63, 7:1125, 1983.
  5. Shores, M: Footprint analysis in gait documentation. Phys Ther 60, 9: 1163, 1980.
  6. Clarkson, B: Absorbent paper method for recording foot placement during gait. Phys Ther 63, 3:345, 1983.
  7. Robinson, J, and Smidt, G: Quantitative gait evaluation in the clinic. Phys Ther 61, 3:351, 1981.
  8. Russo, S, and Rathfon, J: A tool to simplify data reduction during clinical gait assessment. Neurology Report 17, 2:13, 1993.
  9. Kirby, R, Stewart-Gray, J, and Creaser, G: Usefulness of footprint-sequence analysis in lower-limb amputees. Phys Ther 65, 1:31, 1985.
  10. Oberg, T, Karsznia, A, and Oberg, K: Basic gait parameters: Reference data for normal subjects, 10-79 years of age. J of Rehab Res and Dev, 30, 2:210, 1993.
  11. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M, Kerns KA, Baldwin M. The effects of two types of cognitivie tasks on postural stability in older adults with and without a history of falls. J Gerontol: Med Sciences 52A{Special Char 76 in Font "Wingdings"}4):M232, 1997
  12. Ludin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. "Stops walking when talking" as a predictor of falls in elderly people. Lancet 349:617, 1997
  13. Ekman A. Mallmin H, Michaelsson K, Ljunghall S. External hip protectors to prevent osteoporotic hip fractures. Lancet 350:August 23, 1997
  14. Lockwood A, Salvi R, Coad M, Towsley M, et al. The functional neuroanatomy of tinnitus Evidence for limbic system links and neural plasticity. Neurology 50:114, 1998
  15. Hughes M, Duncan P, Rose D, Chandler J, Studenski S. The relationship of postural sway to sensorimotor function, functioal perfromance, and disabilty in the elderly. Archives of Phy Med and Rehabil 77(6):567, 1996
  16. Woollacott M, Tang P. Balance control during walking in the older adult: research and its implications (a review). Phy Ther 77(6):646, 1997


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