• New market incentives are being created to spur more investment in research and development of new drugs and vaccines for malaria, HIV/AIDS, and TB, and better diagnostic tests for these diseases.
• New resources are being raised to increase access to existing drugs and vaccines and provide more effective treatments to combat polio, measles, diarrhoea and respiratory diseases. International partnerships between the public and private sector have launched campaigns, including Roll Back Malaria, the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, the Global Alliance for Vaccines Initiative, and Stop TB.
• Knowledge, technology and best practices for affordable and effective prevention and treatments are being shared more widely, and new research is under way to fill gaps in our knowledge.

New global health rules are being developed to control cross-border or global health risks: improved global disease surveillance through strengthened International Health Regulations; a Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to restrain the marketing and illegal smuggling of tobacco; collaboration with the World Trade Organization to ensure public health is protected and promoted in multilateral trade rules.