A similar path analysis with different indicators shows that the higher the primary care physician to population ratios, the lower the stroke mortality, postneonatal mortality, and neonatal mortality (although the latter does not reach statistical significance) and the higher the life expectancy. The relationship between income inequality and stroke as well as postneonatal mortality is present, but not statistically significant.

Source: Shi L, Starfield B, Kennedy BP, Kawachi I. Income inequality, primary care, and health indicators. J Fam Pract 1999; 48(4):275-284.