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- The protective effect from daily folate intake (>1mg) in non-Hispanic whites was double that in Hispanic women

- It is not clear why the NTD risk in Mexican Americans would not be amenable to folic acid

- The migrant NTD risk pattern of Mexican women would seem to implicate an environmental cause such as folate deficient diets rather than an underlying genetic defect

- Nonetheless, a genetic heterogeneity in metabolizing folic acid may exist

- Other complicating factors include higher prevalences of obesity and diabetes (NTD risk factors) in Mexican Americans which may modify effects of folic acid