1.This is an example of independent events (i.e. no relationship between the initial prostate test results and presence versus absence of prostate cancer).

2.Note that no matter the results of the initial prostate test, the chance (probability) of actually having prostate cancer is 0.167.

3.Also note that both no prostate cancer and prostate cancer persons had a probability of 0.50 of testing at “low” risk on the prostate test