These are well known and part of the history of Occupational Health practice. They trace the path of 19th and 20th century industrialisation.In addition there are often problems of noise, dust, vibration and hazards from fire, from machinery and from the untidiness of lax discipline and poor cleaning practice- Occupational Hygiene has failed. Manager and worker need to develop a pride in the workplace.

Despite this the old problems still occur (asbestosis, byssinosis, lead poisoning)-the price of freedom is eternal vigilance.

In modern industry workers are constantly working with and are exposed to new processes and new chemicals. There may be little information about the toxicology of these substances in either the short or long term and monitoring is even more essential.