prev next front |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10 |11 |12 |13 |14 |15 |16 |17 |18 |19 |20 |21 |22 |23 |24 |25 |review

Markel et al: Results There were 115 340 excess pneumonia and influenza deaths (EDR, 500/

100 000 population) in the 43 cities during the 24 weeks analyzed. Every city adopted

at least 1 of the 3 major categories of nonpharmaceutical interventions. School closure

and public gathering bans activated concurrently represented the most common

combination implemented in 34 cities (79%); this combination had a median duration

of 4 weeks (range, 1-10 weeks) and was significantly associated with reductions

in weekly EDR. The cities that implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions earlier

had greater delays in reaching peak mortality (Spearman r=−0.74, P.001), lower

peak mortality rates (Spearman r=0.31, P=.02), and lower total mortality (Spearman

r=0.37, P=.008). There was a statistically significant association between increased

duration of nonpharmaceutical interventions and a reduced total mortality burden (Spearman

r=−0.39, P=.005).