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There are also other substances in foods that influence health.

fiber
Phytochemicals

 

A macronutrient is a nutrient that is needed in relatively large amounts in the diet.

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Water

A micronutrient is a nutrient that is needed in relatively small amounts in the diet.

Vitamins and Minerals

An essential nutrient is a substance that must be obtained in the diet, because the body either cannot make it or cannot make adequate amounts of it.

A nonessential nutrient is one that the body can make sufficient quantities of if it is lacking in the diet.