In 1960, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights further specified health positively as the highest attainable standard of physical and mental well-being, achieved through the promotion of maternal and child health, reduction of mortality and morbidity rates, environmental sanitation, and provision of adequate medical services. Susser (1993) has outlined how the United Nations reaffirmed health as an intrinsically valuable end after the Second World War by emphasizing that poor health is caused predominantly by poverty and environmental conditions.