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Prosthetic valve replacements are at a premium in developing countries despite the need for these. In addition prosthetic valves require anti-coagulation and close monitoring by echocardiography , both of which is difficult to administer in developing countries. The  need for new surgical options is not supported by current funding as the largest target population lies within poverty-stricken communities.

 

Biomaterials. 2008 Feb;29(4):385-406. Epub 2007 Oct 24.

Prosthetic heart valves: catering for the few.

Zilla P, Brink J, Human P, Bezuidenhout D.