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Two canine parvoviruses exist: canine parvovirus type 1 (CPV-1) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2).

CPV-1 has always been present in the canine population (all sera tested have been positive for CPV-1 antibodies) and is avirulent.

CPV-2 emerged as a new virus in the late 1970's. It is closer to the feline virus than CPV-1.