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Epizootic infections: characterized by age distribution of symptoms (ie very young piglets) and the very rapid spread of infection. Another porcine coronavirus PEDV (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus) can cause similar clinical signs but the two viruses can be distinguished serologically. Rising antibody levels in paired acute/convalescent sera will be seen.

Enzootic disease: test for viral antigens in frozen sections or scapings from the jejunum and ileum of piglets by immunostaining (also seen in epizootic infections). Antibodies in sera of 2-6 month old pigs indicate enzootic infection of the herd.