The entry into force of the International Health Regulations (2005), also referred to as "IHR(2005)“ on 15 June 2007 is a key milestone in public health. The IHR(2005) are the world's first legally binding agreement in the fight against public health emergencies of international concern such as those caused by new and re-emerging diseases with epidemic potential, as well as those associated with acute chemical or radionuclear events. The 2005 revision of the 1969 version of the IHR broadens the scope of notification from cases of cholera, plague and yellow fever to all events which may constitute public health emergencies of international concern and the reporting of other serious international health risks, irrespective of origin or source.

Implementing the IHR(2005) will strengthen national and collective defences coordinated by WHO against these serious risks that are increasingly transmitted internationally due to expanded global travel and commercial exchanges. The main aim of the IHR(2005) are to prevent, protect against, control and respond to the international spread of disease while avoiding unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade.