Another one-off zoonotic. This encephalitic virus involved pigs and then humans in Malaysia in 1998. Extra human fatalities were caused by exposure to pig-blood during the massive shooting/slaughter campaign when the authorities incorrectly assumed it to be an arbovirus ie mainly insect transmitted.

In both Hendra and Nipa the origin of the paramyxovirus was unknown but fruit bats which can be imported dried into the UK could be the reservoir hosts.