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All of these measures directly limit the ability of the disaster to penetrate the community, gain hold, and inflict damage.  The inclusion of the emergency services is an important point.  Typically disaster resistance and resilience is expressed in terms of disaster mitigation programs, and preparedness activities by the emergency services are considered preparedness (not mitigation).  In the United States model this is a programmatic distinction.  However, the reality is that defense of communities outside the actual period of response requires the integration of mitigation, preparedness, and recovery.  Rapid and effective emergency service response is key to resisting the disaster impact.