The global war on drugs clearly has not been successful: illicit drug use has been increasing in most countries throughout the world during the past two decades. This increase, especially in injecting drug users (IDU), has coincided with the global spread of HIV. In whatever country HIV may be present, the potential for HIV to be introduced into IDU networks increases. As of 2007, there have been more than 100 documented HIV epidemics in IDU networks throughout the world. Since the mid-1980s, explosive spread of HIV in IDU networks in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region have occurred in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Pakistan, China, Vietnam, Nepal, Indonesia, and most recently in Taiwan. This figure, prepared for a WHO report in 2003, showed HIV prevalence trends in seven IDU epidemics in the AP region up to 2003. The most recent IDU epidemic in Taiwan was just added. Many of these HIV epidemics started in the mid-to-late-1980s and most have shown no sign of any significant decrease in over a decade. The estimates for the Taiwan IDU epidemic should be more accurately classified as “guesstimates” since the available data from Taiwan are not sufficient to provide reliable estimates of the size of the IDU population or the prevalence of HIV in the total IDU population. Such paucity of reliable data results in a general tendency to overestimate both the size of IDU populations as well as the actual HIV prevalence in IDU populations. This general problem is probably applicable to the current HIV epidemics in IDU populations in many Eastern European countries!