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The definition and identification of Indigenous status has important implications for monitoring of performance of health policies and programs. Most statistics on Indigenous people are based on a self identification question along the lines of “Are you of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin?” However, the use of this definition in the practical collection of data has been variable.

Identification of Indigenous status in statistical collections over much of the second half of the 20th century has not been good enough to allow reporting of national figures.

Estimates of the size of the Indigenous population have been confounded by changes in the propensity to identify as Indigenous.

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