The above slide summarizes the calculated percentage changes from baseline in beta-cell function at the conclusion of three 16-week, double-blind studies, using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).
The HOMA models followed standardized mathematical calculations designed to estimate beta-cell function and insulin resistance values. For an individual patient, a decrease in values for insulin resistance and an increase in values for beta-cell function indicate a positive effect on these parameters.
HOMA BCF = 20 x fasting plasma insulin (µlU/mL)
fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) – 3.5
The pioglitazone 30 mg, the sulfonylurea + pioglitazone 30 mg, and the metformin + pioglitazone 30 mg treatment groups showed significant (P<0.001) improvements in beta-cell function, as calculated by HOMA-BCF, with changes of 41.4%, 38.0%, and 37.6%, respectively. Compared with baseline, the placebo, the sulfonylurea + placebo, and the metformin + placebo treatment groups also showed improvements in beta-cell function, with changes of 23.4% (P=0.027), 8.2% (P=0.07), and 36.8% (P=0.051), respectively.

Rosenstock J, for the Pioglitazone HCl Study Group. Diabetologia. 2000;43(suppl 1):A192.
Matthews DR, et al. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412-419.