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In the atmosphere, gases such as H2O, CO2, CH4, CFC, etc., are capable of absorbing the terrestrial radiation (peaking at infrared wavelength) and re-radiate in all directions. Thus part of the re- radiation is sent back to the surface. This means that in the presence of these gases, the atmosphere will be warmer than without them. These gases thus play the role of glass panels in a greenhouse. Hence the name greenhouse gases. It is therefore reasonable to expect that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases will cause warming in the atmosphere.
Currently, CO2 is the main suspect of causing global warming because combustion of fossil fuel naturally injects CO2 into the atmosphere. Whereas other natural processes also inject CO2, the industrial combustion process seems to play a significant role in the concentration increase.