In this next part of the lecture, I will discuss what pelvic inflammatory disease is, differences in PID rates between countries, PID related infertility, and the variance of infertility rates between countries. I’ll open with a description of PID pathogenesis.

PID is the infection and inflammation of the fallopian tubes (termed salpingitis) and uterine lining (termed endometritis). PID is thought to occur as microorganisms ascend from the lower to the upper genital tract. Although PID is frequently caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia, up to 70% of PID cases are nongonococcal and nonchlamydial. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and anaerobic and mycoplasmal bacteria frequent among women with BV have also been associated with PID, although less is known about anaerobic and mycoplasmal PID.