The processes and forces involved in global change require more research to clarify cause-effect relationships and identify effective strategies to counteract the harmful effects[35]. Reductionist, compartmentalized research approaches probably won't work: we need innovative, transdisciplinary approaches [36], new coalitions among biological, behavioural, physical scientists and people from outside the conventional boundaries of scientific research. The issues involved in climate change are so complex, the choices we must make are so difficult, that every aspect of human affairs is affected. Economists, politicians, industrialists, labour union leaders, scholars from the humanities, philosophers, and ethicists all have a role to play in confronting this challenge and responding to it in an appropriate manner. This is a situation which evokes Albert Einstein's phrase, "A new manner of thinking." Greenhouse gases that cause global warming, and stratospheric ozone depletion due mainly to CFCs, prompted international conventions aimed at mitigating adverse effects and minimizing harm. But there are heavy political and economic costs of the necessary actions, so democratically elected political leaders fear that they would not be re-elected if they were to take the legislative and regulatory steps needed, such as imposing high deterrent taxes on petroleum fuels. Democratically elected political leader are averse to making decisions that have a time horizon further away than the beginning of the campaign season for the next election. The present state of the world requires planning and decisions with a time horizon of at least 50, preferably 100 years.