This seems improbable, as evidenced by the Afro-Caribbean paradox. While Afro-Caribbean subjects have substantially elevated risks of renal dysfunction and chronic renal failure as a consequence of hypertension or diabetes, and also have an extremely high incidence of stroke, this ethnic group is relatively protected from coronary heart disease. While this paradox remains to be explained, it may relate in some way to the beneficial lipid profile seen in this ethnic group.