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Patients who have experienced anaphylaxis should be referred to an allergy-immunology specialist for diagnosis and counseling. Patients with a history of anaphylaxis to foods, Hymenoptera venom, exercise, or unknown causes should be given a self-injectable epinephrine for emergency use. Demonstration of proper technique with a placebo trainer is recommended since many patients receive improper or no instructions.

When prolonged observation in the ED is not possible, discharging the patient with a responsible person, a self-injectable epinephrine device, and clear instructions to return to the ED if symptoms recur may provide an acceptable alternative.