The total impact TYPLS(RED) of the trial smoking reduction on the population health is represented by the sum of the partial decreases DQ_k:

TYPLS(RED) = SDQ_k(RED),

where RED0[0;1] and quantities DQ_k are defined as

DQ_k = DQ1_k(RED) + DQ2_k(RED).

Here, the mortality component DQ1_k pertaining to disease/cause of death k equals

DQ1_k(RED) = YPLL65_k*DEATHS_k*SAF_k(RED)

and morbidity component DQ2_k equals

DQ2_k(RED) = DA_k(RED) + DB_k(RED).

The term DA_k(RED) represents the reduction of bed-days:

DA_k(RED) = A_k*[DEATHS_k(RED)/DEATHS_k] = A_k*[SAF_k (0) - SAF_k(RED)],

The term DB_k(RED) represents the reduction of outpatient visits:

DB_k (RED) = B_k*[SAFk(0) - SAF_k(RED)].

HIPI_MORTAL = SDQ1_k(RED), and HIPI_MORBID = SDQ2_k(RED).