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The Q-index was designed and originally used for ranking diseases/causes of death in accordance with their impact on health of population. Clearly, if the health intervention was formulated in terms of the diseases/causes of death, then the priority of the health intervention would be determined by the rank of the corresponding class of disease/cause of death. For example, if "accidents, poisoning, and violence" have the highest rank, then the highest priority should be assigned to the health intervention targeted on reduction of accidents, poisoning, and violence.

The Q-index cannot be used directly when the health intervention targets risks potentially responsible for more than one disease/cause of death. However, the Q-index can be used as the basis for defining a risk priority index (RPI) which is designed for assessment of the health risks associated with multiple diseases/causes of death.