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Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus Three major pathways denote the direction of the impulse flow, each of which gives rise to LTP. The perforant pathway from the subiculum forms excitatory connections with the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. The mossy fiber pathway, formed by the axons of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, connects the granule cells with the pyramidal cells in area CA3 of the hippocampus. The Schaffer collateral pathway connects the pyramidal cells of the CA3 region with the pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. A schematic time course depicting the early and late phases of LTP in the Schaffer collateral pathway. A single train of stimuli for one second at 100 Hz elicits an early LTP, and four trains at 10-minute intervals elicit the late phase of LTP. The early LTP lasts about trwo hours and the late LTp lasts more than 24 hours.