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In many cases, we can prevent or treat these diseases, but in order to do so, we need to persuade people to make changes in diet, physical activity, and their own awareness and monitoring of the disease’s progression – changes that are psychologically difficult and that present formidable barriers for individuals and health systems alike. While genetic predisposition may play a role in type II diabetes, its onset and severity can be modified by diet and activity. Complications can be reduced by addressing these risk factors and achieving blood pressure control and avoiding tobacco use.