Biederman et al. JAACAP 1997;36:21.

Wilens et al., J Nerv Ment Disor, 1997.

Youth average age at follow-up—15 years

Dramatic increase in PSUD between mid-adolescence and young adulthood. This is the high-risk time-frame in which many individuals leave the domain of their parents, go off to college, etc.

In a study by Wilens et al, ADHD was associated with

earlier onset of PSUD

longer duration of PSUD

slower remission rate

Association between ADHD and early onset of smoking and substance abuse indicates prevention and early intervention programs should be focused on this group.

Wilens et al. Am J Addict 1998;7:156.