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Secondary prevention aims to cure patients and reduce the more serious consequences of disease through early diagnosis and treatment. It is directed at the period between onset of disease and the time of diagnosis, and aims to reduce the prevalence of disease. Secondary prevention can be applied only to disease with a natural history including an early period when the disease is easily identified and treated, so that progression to a more serious stage can be stopped.

The purpose of tertiary prevention is to reduce the progress or complications of established disease and is an important aspect of therapeutic and rehabilitative medicine.