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In general, closing the window is a problem for the developers of new antimicrobial compounds. To illustrate how one might proceed along these lines we investigated the effect of fluoroquinolone structure on the window opening using S. aureus as a test organism (19). The upper compound is moxifloxacin, a C-8-methoxy derivative. It shows a window opening of 12 when the ratio of MPC to MIC(99) is taken as the window opening index. The C-8-H derivative of moxifloxacin, shown as the second molecule in the column, has a window opening almost 3 times as great. This is expected from what was said above about the effect of a C-8-methoxy group. Interestingly, ciprofloxacin, the third compound in the series, has a window opening that is the same as moxifloxacin. Adding a C-8-methoxy group to ciprofloxacin should close the window beyond the value seen with moxifloxacin. This is the case, as shown with the bottom compound.