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Direct causes of infant deaths are immediate/acute and chronic problems that require medical attention.

In privileged societies Direct/ immediate causes (immaturity, birth injury, congenital abnormalities) may be responsible for 1/3 of infant deaths. In deprived societies for only 1.5%.

Direct/chronic medical problems (malnutrition; infection) are so much more common in deprived countries and are more important than acute causes.