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BA have no immediate warning signs upon release, and effects are usually delayed for a number of hours or days. As a result, first responders will not be called to respond to victims from a “release area” as typically occurs after a chemical or HAZMAT incident. This makes early detection and identification of the bacterial agent quite difficult.

Ideally, the best way to minimize or prevent injury is to have a detection device available to first responders at the scene to quickly identify the causative agent. This technology, however, is not commercially available.