Iodization of salt is an effective measure to increase the dietary iodine supply and to eradicate goiter. Surveillance of an iodization program should include monitoring of salt scales, checks on the iodine content of salt in retail stores, analysis of urinary iodine excretion and 24-hour radioiodine uptakes in population samples, prevalence surveys of goiter and cretinism, and monitoring of unwanted effects.

Neonatal screenig is an important measure of prevention of hypothyroidism.