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The incidence of Type 2 diabetes among the four groups according to BMI is shown here. Each of the active intervention groups have c.40% lower incidence than the control group. A lower incidence is also seen among those with lower BMI within each group. In persons with IGT, therefore, calorie intake and physical activity are causally related risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. This indicates that modification of lifestyle can play an important role in preventing diabetes in both high and low risk populations in the future. A similar trial is underway in the USA to see if the similar interventions are effective in different socio-economic and environmental circumstances.
Summary There are a number of risk factors, genetic and environmental, predisposing individuals to the development of Type 2 diabetes. To have effective preventive measures to halt the increase in the prevalence of diabetes and the burden on the health care system, further studies are needed to better delineate the nature and impact of these risk factors and to design the most effective interventions.

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