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In summary, disease clusters and their investigation are a fairly common epidemiologic issue. There are many methodologic issues in the investigation of disease clusters, especially for the traditional environmental or community disease cluster. There are distinct advantages to the investigation of occupational clusters, which have been a fruitful source of disease-toxin linkages in the history of occupational medicine. Nevertheless, disease cluster investigations demand considerable use of time and other resources, and result in hypothesis generation at best requiring further investigation. Therefore, careful consideration must be made before embarking on a disease cluster investigation.