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Toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, and syphilis infections have a higher fetal affection rate than the other diseases in this table. Only toxoplasmosis primary infection during first trimester of pregnancy could affect the embryo, and the rate of susceptible women (seronegative) varies from 50% to 80% in the occidental world. The primary infections of cytomegalovirus and syphilis result in fetal infection in 40% and in almost 100%, respectively, but secondary infections could also infect the fetus with a low rate.

Toxoplasmosis: Careful manipulation of soil, cats, and uncooked meat. The cat is the only definitive host of Toxoplama gondii parasite, and its feces can contaminate soil, sand, and objects. Another source of infection is meat contaminated with toxoplasma cysts. Seronegative pregnant women must be immunological checked monthly, and the detected seroconversions medicated to avoid fetal contamination.

Cytomegalovirus: test blood for transfusion.

Syphilis: prophylaxis of venereal diseases, VDRL, treatment of positive

Varicella: avoid crowded places.

Herpes simplex: prophylaxis of venereal diseases, Cesarean delivery to prevent baby infection

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