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Control of non-communicable diseases through early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Disease as well as medication can cause birth defects, and their action is sometimes difficult to disentangle. Avoiding high blood glucose levels during pregnancy in diabetes mellitus pregnant women could prevent all resultant birth defects. The choice of monotherapy in pregnant patients with epilepsy could avoid most of resultant birth defects.

Churchill D, Perry IJ, Beevers DG (1997) Ambulatory blood pressure in pregnancy and fetal growth. Lancet 349:7-10.
Prentice A, Goldberg G (1996) Maternal obesity increases congenital malformations (Brief critical review). Nutrition Reviews 54:146-150.