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As for any other disease, there are three levels
of prevention of birth
defects,which are very useful to suggest strategies, but they are not
absolute concepts: secondary prevention could also avoids complications,
as occurs in the prenatal surgeries. Primary Prevention:Acting on healthy persons, it avoids the disease, by reducing susceptibility or exposure to risk factors. Its timing is mainly pre-conceptional. It avoids birth defects. Secondary Prevention: Acting on ill persons, it avoids the evolution and sequel of the disease through early detection and prompt treatment. Its timing is mainly prenatal (in pregnancy). It avoids affected babies. ie:prenatal diagnosis followed by pregnancy interruption (frequently), or treatment, as intrauterine surgery for hydrocephaly. Tertiary Prevention: Acting on damaged persons, it avoids the complications of the disease through adequate rehabilitation and correction. Its timing is mainly postnatal. It avoids complications. |
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