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 Outbreaks are reported to the CDC by state health departments. Depending on the area, state health departments may investigate outbreaks themselves or they may receive reports from local health departments. In discussing foodborne outbreaks, I have found it useful to categorize them into 2 types, type A and type B. Type A outbreaks are usually reported to health authorities as a group of illnesses involving a social gathering while type
    B outbreaks are generally detected through surveillance activities. Although I have based this system on initial presentation, these two types also differ with respect to the nature of the subsequent investigation and probable cause.

    from CDC (ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Publications/mmwr/ss/ss4505.pdf)

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