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you see a case in your practice of mumps, you often are required by law to report this to the health department so that other cases can be prevented. With epidemics of infectious diseases, sometimes the incidence will "jump" 100 fold, so you do not need very accurate measurements to identify epidemics.

Systematic, regular ascertainment of incidence using methods distinguished by their practicality, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
Last, 1990.